Eosinophilic Inclusion Bodies Research Articles

Morphological changes in the small intestine mesentery of cats with infectious peritonitis

The research relevance is determined by an insufficient study of morphological changes in the mesentery of cats with infectious peritonitis, even though their understanding is necessary to explain the mechanism of development of the main symptom of the disease – the effusion of fluid into the abdominal cavity. The research aims to establish gross and microscopic changes in the mesentery of the small intestine of cats with infectious peritonitis. The research employs gross and histological examination of the mesentery of the small intestine of cats at the infectious peritonitis. Slides of the mesentery were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. At dry and mixed forms of infectious peritonitis, gross and microscopic changes in the mesentery of the small intestine of cats are similar. In the mesentery grossly, small white spots were found, which protruded above the general surface and had a homogeneous appearance on the section. Microscopic changes in the mesentery of the small intestine of cats with dry and mixed forms of infectious peritonitis were also similar. When conducting histological studies, it was established that the mesothelium on the surface of the mesentery was necrotized or absent. The submesothelial layer of collagen fibres was necrotized or contained partially lysed and fragmented fibres. The loose fibrous connective tissue of the mesentery was swollen, necrotized in places, and infiltrated by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies were detected in the cytoplasm of some monocytes and macrophages. Foci of adipose tissue in the mesentery of the small intestine were infiltrated by lymphocytes and monocytes. Necrosis and destruction of their walls were found in blood vessels and destruction of endothelial cells in lymphatic vessels. Perivascular lymphoid nodules were markedly enlarged due to their swelling and an increase in the number of cells in them. In perivascular lymphoid nodules, expansion of lymphatic vessels and destruction of part of their endothelium cells were also established. Some of the lymphatic vessels of the mesentery were expanded and filled with lymph, which contained a significant number of lymphocytes, monocytes, and single neutrophils. The materials presented in the article are of practical value for anatomists, histologists and pathomorphologists, as well as for scientists who study the pathogenesis of infectious peritonitis in cats

Naturally occurring psittacid alphaherpesvirus 3 and probable adenovirus coinfection in an Indian ringneck parakeet in the United States.

Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 3 (PsAHV-3) is a rarely reported virus that has been associated with pneumonia in psittacine birds. A 5-mo-old Indian ringneck parakeet (syn. rose-ringed parakeet; Psittacula krameri) was euthanized after developing torticollis and lethargy. Postmortem examination of the parakeet revealed severe pneumonia with syncytial cells containing eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIBs) in the respiratory epithelium. Gene sequencing of total DNA extraction detected PsAHV-3 in the frozen lung. The pancreas had severe lytic necrosis, with the remaining parenchymal cells expanded by large basophilic INIBs. Electron microscopy of the pancreas revealed intranuclear paracrystalline arrays of viral particles morphologically resembling adenovirus. Although we found 3 PsAHV-3 cases in birds in a literature search, we found no cases with adenoviral coinfection.

Fatal avian pox in a backyard flock of domestic ducks in Bangladesh

AbstractThis case study describes a fatal avian pox outbreak in a backyard flock of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in Bangladesh. A total of six ducks of varying ages were affected and presented with solid tumour‐like masses on the legs. A 6.5‐month‐old female duck was presented for clinical examination, and a 2 cm3 solid, nodular mass was surgically excised from the left leg. Histopathological examination of the tumour mass revealed marked epidermal hyperplasia with ballooning degeneration and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, as well as severe proliferation and necrotising dermatitis, with marked heterophilic and histiocytic infiltration. Electron microscopy revealed numerous dumbbell‐shaped virus particles within the intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies on degenerating keratinocytes, confirming Avipoxvirus infection. This is the first case report of avian pox in ducks in Bangladesh.

Clinicopathological Investigations Among Recurrent Camelpox Outbreaks in Omanis’ Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Camelpox remains a widespread viral disease in camelids, with socioeconomic relevance. The present study explored the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in dromedary-racing camels from the North of Oman infected with camelpox virus diagnosed by real-time PCR. Blood and skin samples were collected from camels with clinical signs and skin lesions (n=4) and from healthy camels (n=3) from 10 different camel herds. The results indicated that the infected camels showed clinical signs, including pyrexia, lacrimation, nasal mucus discharge, affixed and swollen eyelids, emaciation, and pimples on the skin of the head, legs, and abdomen. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets were significantly greater, with a significant reduction in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in infected camels than in healthy camels. Infected camels had higher CK and creatinine levels and hepatic-related metabolites, including AST, ALP, AST, GGT, and LDH, than the apparently healthy camels. Histopathological examination of skin scab samples revealed ballooning degeneration of epidermal cells in the presence of typical large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and suppurative dermatitis following secondary bacterial infection in all examined infected camels. Camelpox viral DNA was detected using real-time PCR in the blood and skin samples of all infected camels. These findings in dromedary-racing camels associated with a molecular diagnosis of camelpox are described for the first time in the Sultanate of Oman. Therefore, further studies are warranted.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: Two cases report and literature review

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease is a rare and slowly progressing neurodegenerative disease characterized by extensive eosinophilic endonuclear inclusion bodies in central, peripheral, autonomic nervous system and visceral organ cells. Due to its variable clinical manifestations, it is often misdiagnosed

First case of adult onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease with both typical radiological signs and NOTCH2NLC repeat expansions in a Caucasian individual.

Adult onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with a heterogeneous clinical presentation that can mimic stroke and various forms of dementia. To date, it has been described almost exclusively in Asian individuals. This case presentation includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neurocranium, histology by skin biopsy, and long-read genome sequencing. A 75-year-old Caucasian female presented with paroxysmal encephalopathy twice within a 14-month period. Brain MRI revealed high-intensity signals at the cerebral corticomedullary junction (diffusion-weighted imaging) and the paravermal area (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery), a typical distribution observed in adult onset NIID. The diagnosis was corroborated by skin biopsy, which demonstrated eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, and confirmed by long-read genome sequencing, showing an expansion of the GGC repeat in exon 1 of NOTCH2NLC. Our case proves adult onset NOTCH2NLC-GGC-positive NIID with typical findings on MRI and histology in a Caucasian patient and underscores the need to consider this diagnosis in non-Asian individuals.

Infection due to Buteo buteo herpesvirus in a common buzzard (Buteo buteo insularum).

This study aimed to document the pathological findings observed in a common buzzard (Buteo buteo insularum) from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean), naturally infected with Buteo buteo herpesvirus (HV). Local authorities found the common buzzard alive, but it died after 10 days of specialized veterinary care. Postmortem investigation, including complete gross and histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, microbiology, and PCR, was performed. The animal presented necrotizing heterophilic and histiocytic bilateral conjunctivitis, stomatitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, and sinusitis with secondary bacterial and fungal infections. Frequent eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the oral mucosa and esophagus epithelium. HV proteins and DNA were detected in tissues from this animal. The sequences obtained from the PCR product were identical to the reported sequences of Buteo buteo HV.

[Clinicopathological characteristics of Klinefelter syndrome: a testicular biopsy analysis of 87 cases].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of testicular biopsies from Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients. Methods: The testicular biopsy specimens of 87 patients with KS (a total of 107 biopsy specimens) were collected from the Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China from January 2017 to July 2022. All patients were diagnosed as KS by peripheral blood karyotyping analysis. The testicular histopathologic features, testicular volume and hormone levels were evaluated retrospectively. The histopathologic analysis was used to assess the quantity and morphology of Leydig cells, the spermatogenic state of seminiferous tubules, the thickening of the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules and the changes of stroma. Results: Leydig cell proliferative nodules were seen in 95.3% (102/107) of KS testicular biopsy tissues. The eosinophilic inclusion bodies and lipofuscin in Leydig cells were found in 52.3% (56/107) and 57.9% (62/107) of specimens, respectively. The Sertoli cell only seminiferous tubules and the hyalinized tubules were found in 66.4% (71/107) and 76.6% (82/107) of the examined tissues, respectively. The tubules with complete spermatogenic arrest were found in 15.9% (17/107) of specimens, and 5.6% (6/107) of the specimens showed low spermatogenesis or incomplete spermatogenic arrest. In 85.0% (91/107) of the specimens, increased thick-walled small vessels with hyaline degeneration were identified. Conclusions: The most common features of KS testicular specimens are Leydig cell proliferative nodules, hyaline degeneration of seminiferous tubules and proliferation of thick-walled blood vessels. Testicular biopsy specimens of KS are rare. The pathologists can make a tentative diagnosis of KS based on the histological findings, combined with the ultrasound and laboratory results, which is helpful for further diagnosis and treatment of KS.

First report of Psittacid Avipoxvirus in Agapornis in Mexico

A postmortem study was performed on two lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri and Agapornis personatus) that had scabs in the periocular region and on the eyelid, as well as serous blepharitis. Microscopically, the eyelids showed ulcers, necrosis and serocellular crusts, severe hyperplasia of keratinocytes with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger's bodies), bacterial colonies of gram-positive coccoid morphology and PAS-positive septate and 45° branching hyphae. The microbiological study identified the colonies as Staphylococcus spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. Using molecular techniques, avian pox clade C was identified on the eyelid. This is the first report in Mexico of a case of avian pox in parrots associated with clade C Avipoxvirus

Lesions and viral loads in racing pigeons naturally coinfected with pigeon circovirus and columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 in Australia.

Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 (CoHV1) is associated with oral or upper respiratory tract lesions, encephalitis, and occasional fatal systemic disease in naive or immunosuppressed pigeons. Clinical disease is often reported with CoHV1 and coinfecting viruses, including pigeon circovirus (PiCV), which may cause host immunosuppression and augment lesion development. A natural outbreak of CoHV1 and PiCV coinfection occurred in a flock of 60 racing rock pigeons (Columba livia), in which 4 pigeons succumbed within 7 d of clinical onset. Lesions included suppurative stomatitis, pharyngitis, cloacitis, meningitis, and tympanitis, with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies consistent with herpesviral infection. In addition, large numbers of botryoid intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were present in the skin, oral mucosa, and bursa of Fabricius, suggestive of circoviral infection, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The concurrent viral load of CoHV1 and PiCV was high in liver, oropharynx, and bursa of Fabricius. We found PiCV in oro-cloacal swabs from 44 of 46 additional birds of variable clinical status, PiCV alone in 23 birds, and coinfection with CoHV1 in 21 birds. Viral copy numbers were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for both viruses in clinically affected pigeons than in subclinical qPCR-positive birds. The CoHV1-induced lesions might have been exacerbated by concomitant PiCV infection.

Investigation of a herpesvirus outbreak in mixed breeds of adult domestic ducks using next generation sequencing.

This report characterizes the first lethal outbreak of Marek's disease on a large farm of mixed-breed adult ducks (>18,000) and identifies the pathogen that resulted in high mortality (35%). Clinical signs included inappetence, respiratory distress, depression, muscle weakness, and ataxia. Post mortem revealed enlarged fragile liver mottled with miliary whitish spots and an enlarged spleen. Histopathology revealed hepatocellular necrosis with eosinophilic intra-nuclear inclusion bodies, necrosis of splenic follicles and degeneration/necrosis of renal tubules. The disease was tentatively diagnosed as a herpesvirus infection, confirmed by virus isolation from the liver. DNA was isolated from 15-year-old archival formalin-fixed tissues from infected ducks and subjected to next generation sequencing (NGS). Despite highly degraded DNA, short stretches of G- and C-rich repeats (TTAGGG and TAACCC) were identified as telomeric repeats frequently found in herpesviruses. Megablast and further investigative bioinformatics identified presence of Marek's disease virus (MDV), a Gallid alphaherpesvirus type 2 (GAHV-2), as the cause of the acute fatal infection. The source of infection may be attributed to a dead migratory flamingo found close to the duck enclosures three days prior to the outbreak; hence, GAHV-2 may also be responsible for the fatal infection of the flamingo accentuated by heat stress. Considering the possible spread of this highly contagious and lethal virus from a flamingo to the ducks, and the increasing zoonosis of animal viruses into humans, such as monkey B alphaherpesvirus transmission from macaques to humans with ~80% fatality, this observation has important ramifications for human health and safety of the poultry industry.

Umbilicated vesicles and multiple pustules on the genital area in a man

A 61-year-old HIV-negative, homosexual man presented with itchy lesions on his genital area, that had developed 3 days before the consultation. Seven days before the eruption, he attended a party with 150 guests, where he had unprotected sexual intercourses with men. Physical examination showed 3, 3 to 4 mm, asymptomatic, umbilicated vesicles and multiple pustules on the penis shaft and pubis, accompanied by bilateral lymphadenopathy (Fig 1, A). On follow-up after 10 days, the vesicles and pustules spontaneously resolved, leaving some crusted lesions (Fig 1, B). Dermoscopy of an umbilicated vesicle revealed a trizonal pattern, characterized by a central ulceration-crust, a white peripheral halo with dotted hemorrhagic vessels and a paler pink zone at the periphery (Fig 2). Histopathology showed a cluster of pallor and ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes, with scattered eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions (Fig 3).Fig 2View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)Fig 3View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) Question 1: What is the most likely diagnosis?A.Molluscum contagiosumB.ChickenpoxC.CryptococcosisD.SmallpoxE.Monkeypox Answers:A.Molluscum contagiosum – Incorrect. Umbilication of lesions raise the possibility of molluscum contagiosum, caused by a poxvirus, but molluscum has a longer incubation period ranging from 2 weeks to 2 to 3 months, skin lesions are characterized by smooth and firm papules without vesiculation and histopathology shows lobular epidermal hyperplasia resulting in a cup-shaped lesion in which keratinocytes are enlarged and filled with eosinophilic inclusion bodies, known as Henderson-Patterson bodies.B.Chickenpox – Incorrect. Chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is more typical of pediatric age and it is characterized by a generalised, cropping vesicular rash with intense pruritus. Histopathologically, keratinocytes are multinucleated, acantholytic with nuclear inclusions with epidermal necrosis similar to herpes simplex. Leucocytoclastic vasculitis may be present.C.Cryptococcosis – Incorrect. Although skin lesions of cryptococcosis present with dome-shaped, firm umbilicated papules, they appear predominantly over the face and histologically reveal layers of clear histiocytes containing spherical fungal structures of 4 to 20 μm.D.Smallpox – Incorrect. Smallpox is caused by the variola virus belonging to genus Orthopoxvirus. The last occurring patient of smallpox was reported in 1977. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eradicated and there is no evidence of new cases of smallpox transmission in any part of the world.E.Monkeypox – Correct. Given the current outbreak, a new onset of a vesicular or pustular rash with central umbilication that develop simultaneously with lymphadenopathy in the genital area, in addition to the history of intimate contact with strangers or casual sexual partners, is suspicious for monkeypox. In our case, a real-time polymerase chain reaction of a swab was positive for Orthopoxvirus, establishing the diagnosis of monkeypox infection. Moreover, histopathology showing ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes with the presence of eosinophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies (Guarnieri bodies) is consistent with infection from Orthopoxvirus. Dermoscopy with the trizonal pattern of central necrosis, white peripheral halo, and a paler pink zone has been also described as a reproducible and additional supportive tool to integrate clinico-pathological correlation when dealing with lesions potentially related to monkeypox.1Escudero-Tornero R. Sobral-Costas T.G. Servera-Negre G. Monkeypox infection.JAMA Dermatol. 2022; 158: 1203https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.3975Crossref PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar Question 2: Which of the following best describes the mode of transmission of monkeypox to humans?A.The monkeypox virus is transmitted from human to human only through contact with infected skin and body fluidsB.The monkeypox virus is transmitted from human to human only through respiratory dropletsC.The monkeypox virus cannot be transmitted from human to human but only be transmitted from animal to human through scratch, and direct contactD.The monkeypox virus is transmitted from human to human only by sexual contactsE.The monkeypox virus is transmitted from human to human by close contact with lesions, body fluids, respiratory droplets and contaminated materials such as bedding, towels, clothes, objects, electronics and surfaces Answers:A.The monkeypox virus is transmitted from human to human only through contact with infected skin and body fluids – Incorrect. Monkeypox virus is transmitted from human to human through direct and indirect contact with infected skin and body fluids and respiratory droplets.B.The monkeypox virus is transmitted from human to human only through respiratory droplets – Incorrect. Monkeypox virus is transmitted from human to human through respiratory droplets and direct and indirect contact with infected skin and body fluids.C.The monkeypox virus cannot be transmitted from human to human but only be transmitted from animal to human through scratch, and direct contact – Incorrect. Monkeypox virus is transmitted from both animal to human and human to human.D.The monkeypox virus is transmitted from human to human only by sexual contacts – Incorrect. A fomite transmission by clothing, bedding, towels, objects, electronics, and surfaces is admitted as well as through respiratory droplets.E.The monkeypox virus is transmitted from human to human by close contact with lesions, body fluids, respiratory droplets, and contaminated materials such as bedding, towels, clothes, objects, electronics, and surfaces – Correct.2Ramos-Rodríguez D. Mercader-Salvans J. Algarra-Sahuquillo J. Aleman-Valls M.R. Pestana-Eliche M.M. Hernandez-Leon N. Dermoscopy of monkeypox: histopathology and clinical correlation.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022; (Epub ahead of print)https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.18596Crossref Scopus (1) Google Scholar Question 3: Which is the best treatment for monkeypox in the dermatological setting?A.Topical steroidsB.Specific antiviral therapy with a new agent such as ecovirimat should be given to all patients with monkeypoxC.Acyclovir 800 mg 5 times a day for 7 days should be given at the first symptomsD.Specific antiviral therapy with cidofovirE.There is no specific clinically-proven therapy for monkeypox disease and only supportive symptom management is considered. Skin lesions show spontaneous resolution. However, the use of topical antibiotics may be useful in case of a secondary infection Answers:A. Topical steroids – Incorrect. Like in most viral skin diseases, such as herpes virus infections, topical steroids are not recommended and patients should avoid applying steroids on active lesions of monkeypox for the risk of spreading.B.Specific antiviral therapy with a new agent such as ecovirimat should be given to all patients with monkeypox – Incorrect. Tecovirimat, that is a new antiviral drug still under evaluation by clinical trials for monkeypox is only indicated in high-risk patients such as immunocompromised people, or those with severe disease.C.Acyclovir 800 mg 5 times a day for 7 days should be given at the first symptoms – Incorrect. This is the treatment indicated for chickenpox and herpes zoster infections.D.Specific antiviral therapy with cidofovir – Incorrect. Cidofovir is an antiviral medication that is approved for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. Data are not still available on the effectiveness of cidofovir in the treatment of monkeypox virus infection. Moreover cidofovir is nephrotoxic.E.There is no specific clinically-proven therapy for monkeypox disease and only supportive symptom management is considered. Skin lesions show spontaneous resolution. However, the use of topical antibiotics may be useful in case of a secondary infection – Correct.3Kumar N. Acharya A. Gendelman H.E. Byrareddy S.N. The 2022 outbreak and the pathobiology of the monkeypox virus.J Autoimmun. 2022; 131102855https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102855Crossref PubMed Scopus (71) Google Scholar None disclosed.

Identification, molecular characterization, and pathological features of orf virus in sheep and goats in Punjab province, Pakistan

Orf virus (ORFV) causes an acute, contagious, skin disease of sheep and goats which is economically important. The objectives of this study were to identify ORFV and to explore its pathological and phylogenetic profiles in 350 goats and 91 sheep of 14 districts of Punjab, Pakistan, from July 2020 to July 2021. Skin scrapings (total no. of samples = 441) of suspected animals were subjected to polymerase chain reactions, phylogenetic analysis, and pathological observations. The partial length of GIF/IL-2 gene (408bp) was successfully amplified in 58/441 samples. Phylogenetic analysis of GIF/IL2 gene showed that the study isolates belonged to ORFV-cluster I, together with the viruses reported in India and China. Pakistan ORFV isolates were shared 97.6-98.7% nucleotide and 97.6-100% amino acid identities with the reference strain (NC_005336). Moreover, Chinese ORFV-isolates were detected unique multiple amino acid substitutions (F11L, Q21H, D27N, I46V, N49S, N82D, D103N, S129G) with study isolates. Naturally infected animals were anorexic, emaciated, dull, and depressed. The macroscopic lesions included multifocal to coalescing, ulceration followed by proliferative papules, pustules, and crust formation on the epidermis of gums, lips, mouth commissure, muzzles, nose, and udder. Histopathological examination revealed hyperplasia, anastomosing rete ridges formation and degenerative changes, including spongiosis and vacuolation of epidermal cells. Keratinocytes exhibited eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies with pyknotic and karyorrhexis nuclei. This is the first report on molecular characterization of ORFV from Pakistan, with insight into its pathogenesis and comparative analysis of pathological alterations and genetic diversity between ORFV strains reported in different geographical areas.

Eosinophilic homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like lesions.

Eosinophilic homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like lesions.

Case Series of Disseminated Xanthogranulomatosis in Red-crowned Parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) with Detection of Psittacine Adenovirus 2 (PsAdV-2).

Simple SummaryLipometabolic disorders, such as xanthogranulomatosis, are common diseases in avian medicine. Various manifestations of lipometabolic disorders and risk factors for acquiring lipometabolic diseases have been described in the past years. Xanthogranulomas are usually limited to the skin and supposed to be associated with traumatic or inflammatory injuries in that area. Disseminated xanthogranulomatosis, appearing simultaneously in several internal organs, has been recently described in psittacine birds, the cause of the diseases was not known. Here, we describe a case series of disseminated xanthogranulomatosis in another psittacine species, the Red-crowned Parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) and a possible association with a concurrent psittacine adenovirus 2 (PsAdV-2) infection. Viral infections that trigger lipometabolic diseases have been described in human medicine in some species of small animals and in chickens. PsAdV-2- infections are widely distributed in avian species. A possible association between PsAdV-2- infections and lipometabolic diseases in the Red-crowned Parakeet should be considered. Individual birds and flocks with both or either of these diseases should be carefully examined and monitored.Xanthogranulomatosis is a common dermatological disease in birds. This form of inflammation, possibly associated with lipometabolic disorders, can also be seen in visceral organs, which as yet has only rarely been described in avian medicine. In general, diseases related to impaired lipid metabolism are frequently reported in avian medicine, with hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis being the most common. In human medicine, infectious agents—especially some strains of adenovirus—were implicated in contributing to lipometabolic disorders; this has also been described for chicken. Here, a case series of six Red-crowned Parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) is presented, all cases being characterized by psittacine adenovirus 2 (PsAdV-2) infection with or without disseminated xanthogranulomatosis. The affected individuals were examined alive by clinical examination. Total body radiographs were taken of two birds, haematology and blood biochemistry results were achieved in one bird. The birds either died immediately after clinical presentation or within two days, two individuals were euthanized due to worsening of their clinical condition. All birds underwent a post-mortem examination. While four birds were finally diagnosed with disseminated xanthogranulomatosis, all six individuals had large eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of the collecting ducts of the kidney and tested positive for PsAdV-2. Further examinations are needed to clarify to what extent PsAdV-2 might elicit lipometabolic disease in birds, or psittacines in general, and, in particular, the Red-crowned Parakeet.

Clinicopathological and molecular studies on cattle naturally infected with lumpy skin diseases in selected districts of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

BackgroundLumpy skin disease is a contagious viral disease of cattle caused by LSDV that results in huge economic losses in the cattle industry. This study characterizes LSDV in cattle through clinicopathological and molecular techniques in selected districts of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA crossectional study was conducted from November 2020 to June 2021 using Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Histopathological techniques to confirm LSDV.ResultThis study revealed that the percentage of positivity of cattle for LSDV was 36.2%. Clinically, cattle infected with LSDV revealed fever (39–41 °C), nodular lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, and lymphadenopathy. Histopathologically, affected tissue revealed ballooning degenerations of the epidermis, infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, vasculitis, and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies. RT-PCR confirmed that DNA extracts from skin biopsies of virus isolates were positive for LSDV.ConclusionThe present study confirms that LSDV is widely circulating in cattle of selected districts of the Wolaita zone. Thus, effective control measures through regular vaccination and further confirmation of circulating strains of LSDV through detailed molecular analysis should be recommended.

Distinctive Gross Presentation in Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Rabies.

The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is a popular game species in North America and often lives in close proximity to humans and domestic animals. Deer with neurologic signs are of high interest to the general public and wildlife managers because of disease and safety concerns. Our aim was to describe diagnostic findings from free-ranging white-tailed deer diagnosed with rabies from across the eastern US from 2000 to 2021, with emphasis on gross lesions in the skin and soft tissue overlying the skull. We reviewed diagnostic reports of white-tailed deer cases submitted to the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study for those diagnosed with rabies from 2000 to 2021. Rabies virus infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry or fluorescent antibody test of brain, or both. Nine adult deer from five states were diagnosed with rabies, including seven (78%) females and two (22%) males. Three (33%) deer were found dead, and six (67%) were humanely dispatched for abnormal behavior. Six deer heads were examined grossly and had lesions, including forehead or periorbital alopecia, cutaneous erythema, abrasions and ulcers, and subcutaneous edema. Histologic examination was performed for eight of nine cases, all of which had intraneuronal eosinophilic inclusion (Negri) bodies in cerebrum, cerebellum, or both. Most (6/8; 75%) had perivascular lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis. Rabies should be considered a differential diagnosis in deer with this pattern of head lesions, suggestive of head rubbing or head pressing.

[Multicenter retrospective study of 38 cases with fumarate hydratase deficiency uterine leiomyoma].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of fumarate hydratase (FH) deficiency uterine leiomyoma. Methods: The data of 38 patients with FH deficiency uterine leiomyoma were screened and analyzed. The expressions of FH, S-(2-succino)-cysteine (2SC), desmin, p16, p53, CD10 and cell proliferation associated nuclear antigen (Ki-67) proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry, and their clinicopathological features were analyzed retrospectively. Results: (1) Clinical features: the median age of the patients was (42.5±7.4) years old. Twenty-one cases (55%) of them were myomas found in physical examination, and the median maximum diameter of the tumor was 6.0 cm (range: 5.0-7.5 cm); myomectomy was performed in 23 cases (61%), total hysterectomy with or without bilateral appendages in 15 cases (39%); laparoscopic surgery in 27 cases (71%), open surgery in 11 cases (29%); none of the patients had renal cell carcinoma. (2) Histological features: atypical nuclear cells were distributed locally or diffusely, eosinophilic nucleoli and intranuclear inclusion bodies could be seen, glass like globules could be seen in the cytoplasm, nuclear division was 0-4/10 high power field (HPF), and antler like blood vessels and pulmonary edema-like changes could be seen in the stroma. Among 38 patients with FH deficiency uterine leiomyoma, FH was negative in 37 cases (97%), and positive in 1 case (3%); 2SC, desmin, p16, p53, CD10 and Ki-67 showed focal positive expression in 38 cases (100%), including 35 cases (92%) with Ki-67 index<10% and 3 cases (8%) with Ki-67 index ≥10%. (3) Follow-up: 4 cases (11%) recurred, and there was no death. There were significant differences in age, family history, distribution of atypical nuclei and mitosis number between recurrent group and non-recurrent group (all P<0.05). Conclusions: FH deficiency uterine leiomyoma is a rare tumor, which needs pathological examination,immunohistochemical examination and clinical history. Patients younger than 43 years old, with family history, histologically atypical diffuse nuclear distribution and mitotic number ≥3/10 HPF should be alert to the risk of recurrence.

Molluscum Contagiosum Masquerading as Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

A 72-year-old woman was referred with suspicion of ocular surface squamous neoplasia because 2 leukoplakic nodules were noted on the bulbar conjunctiva (Fig A). Medical history was significant for atopic keratoconjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis. The nodules were excised en bloc followed by alcohol epitheliectomy. Unexpectedly, histopathology of the conjunctival tissue (hematoxylin & eosin stain) showed a cup-shaped lesion with hyperplastic epithelium surrounding intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies characteristic of molluscum contagiosum (Fig B).

Studying an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis in broilers in Nineveh governorate, Iraq

The aim of this study was to provide field outbreaks data with FAdVs in Ninevah governorate to emphasize the importance of the disease due to high mortality and production losses. A total of 729,500 broilers collected from 64 flocks at 14 different locations in Nineveh governorate during the second half of 2020. were included in this study. Histopathological changes of the liver in infected birds have been studied. Molecular identification of FAdV was accomplished by DNA extraction from liver samples using DNeasy Tissue Kit. Results reviled that there were 51892 mortalities representing 7.11%. It was noted that the broiler flocks were infected during their 2nd-6th weeks of age, being the highest in the 5th week of age. Decreased mortality was detected from July to December. being 11.3, 7.91, 7.08, 6.38, 5.94 and 4.95%, respectively. Microscopical examination of the liver manifested the pathognomonic presence of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies related to the disease. PCR findings revealed positive results of FAdVs. It could be concluded that the environmental stress and immunosuppressive agents could contribute to the percentage and duration of mortalities in broiler flocks.